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against the Woz (and the NZZ)

to "We must find alternatives to neoliberal entrepreneurial capitalism" ( http://www.woz.ch/artikel/newsletter/17201.html ):

the good thing about the "left" are the analysis. How true, too true to all! But with the past, the establishment, the system, the analytical psych "father" only to be expected, is only half the solution. And half the solutions are often worse than none. What for out solutions? It is given to build time, not to destroy. Revolutions bring only more misery.

I think the problem lies in the (liberal) financial capitalism, in fact, have to "alternatives" be found. Part of the solution is not the complete dismantling of any structure, but a return to the unjustly decried capitalist entrepreneurs. Namely those in which the contractor assumes responsibility and (if necessary with a certain dose of paternalism) can take the staff with responsibility in this location - usually human relations. Then they are all responsible - each according to his power - for a sustainable economy that is in the interest of all. In this sense, the initial quote to be completed.

what "neoliberalism" is concerned, was and is a purely ideological slogan and correspondingly difficult to distinguish. I am working on the assumption that "liberal" values are approximately as follows: total individualism, consumerism is lucky, the market is always right. The problem is that some of these values is half a turn. They can not be thrown overboard, or we have the opposite effect: the total collectivism to consume anything and a dictatorship against the people. The problem of the European left (for example) is still haunting Schlingensief relation to the "socialism", which simply involves only exact opposite extreme. As long as the two fronts to keep each other in check results in about a workable compromise. Bad is when one or the other to win the upper hand (usually done by unholy alliances, eg SP and SVP against moderate circles).

is better to have a reflection on human values, as expressed for example in the Renaissance and Enlightenment. (Responsible autonomy of the individual, moderation, self-knowledge, etc.). Values can not be imposed from above or from political parties. Therefore, I believe that healthy change can be achieved only through a profound social change in attitude from the bottom, especially spiritual Article

The local philanthropists would have to unleashing such forces to desperately overdue undead called Kulturkampf overcome at last, that the antagonism between tradition and progress overcome - the latter so they would unite and combine the two. Specifically, this means that new one is created, all without displacing old - to kill without the "father" (as in the rest of the "neoliberal" or similar types of anarcho-libertarian secretly want to). The main problem is the need to stoop to this kind of intellectual Omphalisten to the level of real-world economic agents. The impact of these left and right - in the sense of the quote - would be "alternative" to the current incredible hubris of much larger and more credible. You would hope with the energy of the strength of a safe stand united.

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Moral crisis alert

The behavior of financial markets in recent years has meant that liberal ideas now get a shock. The most stupid now would not admit obvious errors. Instead, the regulatory implications to be examined objectively.

first The regulation of banks failed. It does not need less regulation and not more regulation, but purposeful. From the outside crowd on three ideas: (1) The capital requirements may not be risk-weighted. Risks will be managed through interest rates! That was the critical weakness of Basel II and must be corrected be. (2) Equipment must not be mark to market assets, but in accordance with prudence, because it is usually estimated in flights of the situation and optimism in the crash will be too pessimistic. (3) Structured products can not continue to be sold if the seller retains a portion of it for themselves.

second The implications for the financial sector are still not clear to estimate. The business model of universal banking seems to triumph, in contrast to the pure and unregulated investment banks. The government guarantee may send wrong signals, in the case of a systemic crisis but it is always implied.

third Politics is unprepared. Prime example is the Swiss Federal Council. I believe (unlike many others) that the Federal Council does a good job generally. In this crisis, but he failed miserably. The machinations of the banks would be strongly condemns, it would have to be made to the limitations of a purely speculative reasons of capitalism. In the interest of the market economy is more important than ever to reflect on the benefits of creative entrepreneurship. Instead, we hear nothing pure heat, and some journalists, some with undifferentiated bad news, the crisis is joyful, rather than as now pointed to the open-border investment opportunities.

4th The crisis has revealed the limitations of market mechanisms, open. Not that there is in this case, someone else (a state bank) could have done better, only the market can nearly always as if by magic for optimal resource allocation. The market, which has failed to grasp this far. Obviously it was not just bank managers who have miscalculated, but also investors, borrowers and sometimes even central bankers (who reacted too late or, as in the U.S., the whole still fueled). It is the problem with the invisible hand: Sometimes it is so invisible because they were not there. Faith makes blessed. It is better to understand the circumstances and to draw pragmatic conclusions! Liberalism is not just less government, but it is the perception of fundamental tasks by the state, ensuring the personal and economic freedom. Provision of security, from basic education and goods which the market can not or insufficiently provides: infrastructure for water, transport, electricity, communication. And last but not least, guarantee a livelihood for the vulnerable in our society, especially in the form of food and ensuring basic health care. Otherwise, a liberal state to be cautious.

5th to nationalize the banks would be a double-edged blade: in the next crisis wore then the state guarantees the sole responsibility ...

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taxes Flat tax =

The question of justice in politics is a philosophic black hole. This is because justice principle applies to individual decisions, political ends, but in general abstract rules, which are perceived by different individuals in different ways. So the tax rates. Particularly problematic here is the progression in income taxes. There was a lot of blackened paper on graduated tax rates, but all that is alleged is also applicable to progressive rates. Different people with different tax rates taxing more to the charge of injustice is exposed. And who is accused of injustice, which is surprising in the political arena in critical condition.

The most elegant solution is a uniform tax rate, possibly with a franchise, then known as Flat tax. Here are businesses and individuals the same tax. I'm not saying the flat tax was made flesh collective justice, but the charge of injustice may thus be at least minimized. It is the system with the least arbitrary. Not to mention the numerous economic benefits that accrue as collection efficiency, adjusting for inflation, elimination of costly "tax optimization", etc. Unlike the projects of the FDP could act as a tax return but not necessarily a beer mat, serve as the sometimes complicated deductions in determining the taxable income or gains and the tax rate per se have nothing to do.

on the tax record the flat tax would, in my opinion, a hugely beneficial effect, because everyone is very well know how much to pay taxes. So, who pays less than, say, 10% of its income in taxes, which evades and knows it very well. The rich may be less likely to take the position that he bled from the State. The transparency and the fact that each is weighed with the same measure are likely to tax compliance significantly increase.

How difficult have these reform projects with us, shows how bureaucratic and has become encrusted mid because our democracy. This applies not only to inter-subjectively unjust tax hells like Germany, but probably also for relatively moderate countries like Switzerland ...

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Recipe: Pasta with spinach cream sauce

• 3 onions (chopped) in oil fry until soft
• 4 cloves garlic (chopped) and 1 kg
• TK spinach ('s certainly the chopped, but of course without Blubaugh, is clearly ) to it and as long as fuel until it is completely thawed
• 2-4 bouillon cube with purely crumble and salt , nerve pinch sugar , pepper and a few ordinary shots taste balsamic vinegar
• then stir in a packet Soy Cuisine and maybe with some soy rice milk stretch
• the whole simmer still aweng, meanwhile, so two handful of pine nuts or alternatively sunflower seeds without grease pan and into the cream sauce so
• all then eat with Farfalle or other pasta in larger quantities

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Language acquisition and the filling of mirror neurons determine what is our love

Recently I have seen in Sindelfingen Badezentrum a lovely image: a mother she was not yet a year old child in her hands and pulled it through the water, they paved the waterway with his back and pulled the child back running behind him. But that was not something special. The special was that the mother communicated continuously, alone with her facial expressions. The child may well have felt the warm water, but it hung on with great dedication and attention to the face of the mother, it was fascinating. I think it escaped him, nothing. Mother's face was full of love for her child, she sent him to kiss, they morste with eyes love everything about her Face were sparks of love, which she did more, they also showed that expression ... not one of the many thousands of facial expressions was the same facial expression ... a spark of love ... for her child.

And they seemed to have no fitness problems. It seemed to me forever, that the two turtelten through the water. Most of all I would have told the mother how important and wonderful it is, what it does. But I love her game would have to stop, and I did not, of course. And it was a love game and how important it is for the child's future love games, it is clear on the background of the quotation from Joachim Bauer's seminal book on mirror neurons :

that we start with an innate, genetically linked basic configuration of mirror neurons in the life shows itself in a phenomenon that without it would not be possible: For the correct selection Distance infants begin within hours or days after birth, certain facial expressions that they see to imitate spontaneously. Opens to meet them face-looking mouth, they do the same. In a face with pursed mouth, the baby responds by itself curls his lips, and it sticks out his tongue when he blogs braiding. With its amazing ability to imitate the infant has already from the first days of life the opportunity to engage a two-way game, which leads to develop secure interpersonal bonds. The neurobiological term willingness to spontaneous imitation document is the framework around which develops the relationship between infant and caregiver. Between the newborn and the primary caregiver now begins something whose magic can be compared only with the situation of fresh love. And actually happened from a neurobiological point of view in both cases something very similar: a two-way recording reflecting and returning signals, a sensing and feeling of what the other straight, moving in the true sense of the word, accompanied by the experimenter, even sending out signals and see how far they reflected back from the opposite, that is to be returned. This game is not only at the beginning of a love relationship, it is, in less intense form, the starting point of any interpersonal relationship.

Many children never experience what this child was able to experience that I could see at that time. Many lie on a cold storage and are wrapped and unloving mother barely speaks to them ... But more to fill cells with a corresponding charge, because of any movement are copies made in the brain of the child and these copies are active when they do according to himself or to recognize, therefore, some children respond later, more to love, some with indifference and cold, and are children always feel this to be normal, what they have learned.

Above all, many people do not know what love is.

Yet, how do they share with all my heart to a future partner, what they do not know?

How many fundamentally indifferent love games played on the Earth every day?

Many love games, movement games with a certain degree of mental and physical emotion, ...

All men call love, amore, láska, svegi, love, what be with the individuals around the world is not different can.

Our parents give us something specific to the term "love", which also could not be more different.

Some call for love is like a secret pizza in a brick is. Thus love is true for some indigestible ... only they do not know it.

My parents talked a lot about love, but she always talked about God's love.
They did not know what love is, but they did it very well camouflaged.
who talks so much about love, the love of God, must know what love is.
chance!

I think a lot of escape not only the monastery, but the religious or esoteric, not to have to deal with their own lack of love. But they flee from a load, they do not have to bear. Who can but have to admit: I do not know what love is.

who grow up without love, with a heavy mortgage. But hardly anyone can be a higher consciousness of love than the one that - the lack of knowing - is suffering from the knowledge of their own lack of love ... then when he opens his heart to love.

My motto: Always be able to fill the cells with love, always can open a heart for love.

Every breath can be a game of love.

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Checkout: Vegan Cooking with duck

I want you to imagine a vegan recipe blog, particularly the people is likely to have no desire to spend hours in the kitchen at super-sophisticated creations nachzukochen :

http://ente.antispe.org Here it is more (though not exclusively) to Vegan food, so quick and easy to-prepare recipes and recipe suggestions.

Especially the noodle recipes I find appealing. The
Linguine with mushroom cream sauce I've already tested and that is KILLER. The Fusilli with hunter-aufs-foot- sauce are next.

only criticism would be to look (but are not wanting to look brings ). Specifically, the font + white on black is not very easy to read ^ ^ °

But otherwise fully recommended, especially for cooking beginners.

The blog is in German, even if the title might suggest something else (and yes, he is also vegan, despite the misleading title )

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Recipe: Presto Pesto

This endgeil Part is made fast, ultra hyper tasty & healthy.
are now pine nuts also have comparatively cheap, eg Plus.

So, so gehz: are roast

• pine nuts without fat in a pan until golden brown to them, then neatly with
• garlic (chopped),
• olive oil (optimal is of course extra virgin),
• plenty basil and possibly Petra Silie (both there with a scissors or so before 'n make some small),
• something lemon juice, salt , & pepper Puree 'ne pinch sugar in as' NEM high Pürierbecher so long, was created to' ne thick sauce

* this: pasta of your choice,

Warning: hardest Contaminationsgefahr (even if the chlorophyll the garlic smell something blocks) ! It should therefore all present eat it!

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Conservative Party, the country needs


Switzerland is not a conservative party. In the middle to share angry right National Liberal and spherical field. The voters do not know where to choose, out of spite rather national and agree when it comes to something then (usually) different. Left of center one dare not turn away from hopelessly outdated Socialism. Liberalism is but right, they think. Talk of "ultra liberal" and other nonsense blinded, chose the headless errant turns green. At the center of the pendulum swings back and forth.

It would serve well to all that there would be a conservative party in Switzerland:



for personal responsibility in the management of resources, unerring action when it comes to social cohesion. With slightly paternalistic train: no one will be dropped, but before that have made, each his skills to the test and shows its commitment, it must also be helped only a few - and please no randomly. Redistribution the Cross of democracy, so it must be minimized. For all that cost nothing or little is, however, the ideal decision mechanism.

employers to place any obstacles in the way of responsible management of their own accord is asked about it. Is to protect workers - except for the work itself, the wealth created by the Efficient and the poor is nourished. Order and reward must be - on Sunday earned rest. The religion, the flag and freedom are more than folklore, they are supportive attitude and ensure a caring society.

democracy has no meaning if the citizens are not eligible representatives and deselect. This should be an elite, in addition to the economic, so that all institutions can be done professionally and efficiently - the market alone is too often not without heads. Elites need to be encouraged, including renewed. Instead of striving for self-destruction power of many individuals - at the expense of all - guarantee the elite quality and stability.

this country has not fallen from the sky. Kluge, accommodating, hardworking, open-minded, curious, critical awareness and visionary people have made it what it is today. All predictions to the contrary notwithstanding. Such people we still need more.

That these were found only in a conservative party, I think not. Such a party would, however, the profiles of all conceivable forms sharply, including those of left of center. It could find conservative FDP-learning, democratic SVP faster and steadfast CVP learning a new home. And the SP knew now open to liberal-learning that they are fighting a worthy opponent, curb their misuse for the benefit of the country, to make war instead of an enemy of the country permanently divided the spherical or liberals, they feel they really brother.

Why now, as it dawns on me yet so many years?

would be to me personally probably too conservative. But the politics is like sex: the less is prohibited, the more boring it is ... ;)

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in touch with feelings: The importance of father and mother

This post is the extended version of the published in John Post Ethics post, the quotes from the book J. Bauer are here not to cut the initial thoughts in advance.

The basis for the emotional richness and diversity of emotions is in man a very early age and decide what to him later as emotional intelligence and as an emotional life budget available. Whether this budget can be retrofitted to which I would later OBSERVATIONS.

on what 'the Joachim Bauer points out, applies not only to early childhood level actions, but also for what we may call the character of feelings and explained why people from so many in love, in anger, under understand compassion, under heat, in gentleness, in joy and many others;
it also explains why we do not understand in the end some people: They do not speak our emotional language.

Here is another quote from J. Bauer's book I'm all for the understanding of themselves and create an awareness of what is important in the education of children, my heart wants - one of the most important and best books I've read, it shows that even a scientist alive and easy to write understandable:

Joachim Bauer: Why I feel what you feel [excerpt from Chapter 3]

As the child is reflected in the world and the problem of autism to

have mirror cells, which is effectively reflected, the most important things in the luggage for the journey through life. Without mirror neurons, no contact, no spontaneity, no emotional understanding. The genetic basic equipment provides the infant has a starter set of mirror neurons available that give it the ability to take a few days after birth, with its most important people first mirror actions. It is crucial however, whether his chance is given to implement such actions, because a basic rule of our brain is. "Use it or lose it" nerve-cell systems that are not used are lost. Mirror actions do not develop by themselves, they need always a partner.

"Use it or lose it": The mirror neurons of the baby must be recorded start

fact that we are born with an innate, genetically linked basic configuration of mirror neurons in the life shows itself in a phenomenon that would not be possible without them: When properly selected infants begin distance few hours to days after birth, certain facial expressions, they look to imitate spontaneously. Opens to meet them face-looking mouth, they do the same. Responds to a face with pursed lips the baby by himself curls his lips, and it sticks out his tongue when he is fooling it. With its amazing ability to imitate the infant has already from the first days of life the opportunity to engage a two-way game, which leads to the fact that only develop interpersonal bonds. The neurobiological term willingness to spontaneous imitation document is the framework around which develops the relationship between infant and caregiver. Between the newborn and the primary caregiver - sometimes because the mother can not even be available and instead of father or other the main role play in the supply, I am using the term "primary caretaker." Your best "occupation" is undoubtedly the mother - begins something whose magic is to be compared only with the situation of fresh love. And actually happened from a neurobiological point of view in both cases something very similar: a mutual receiving and reflecting returning signals, a sensing and feeling of what the other straight, moving in the true sense of the word, accompanied by the experimenter, even sending out signals and , look how far they reflected back from the opposite, that is to be returned. This game is not only at the beginning of a love relationship, It is, in less intense form, the starting point of any interpersonal relationship.

In order to start the whole wonderful game at all levels, needed by the infant caregivers, but not any "comparison, not just any training wall, but real" players, which reflect themselves. Most children have appropriate teammates: respect people with a normally-developed ability to love, sensitivity and warmth to respond to the infant. The best players are the parents, since they are doped because of the birth experience of nature with a substance that their binding ability increased: oxytocin. Where parents are not available, loving caregivers can provide good substitute. However, they have a longer time or permanently available so that it can build up between them and the child is a bond.

The genetic basic equipment is anything but a guarantee that the biological systems of the later people actually work in such a way as is possible in principle. Congenital mirror systems of the infant can develop and evolve only if it is for him a suitable and appropriate therapeutic relationship. Popular mistakes our time is the widespread opinion, the essential key to the success of our development is only to be found in the genes. In fact, relationship experiences and lifestyles that are associated always with an activation of specific neurobiological systems, a huge influence on both the regulation of gene activity as well as micro-structures of our brain. Nowhere is as clear as in the mirror systems, the importance of interpersonal relationships for the biology of our bodies have.

The fact that the genetic makeup alone is no guarantee for the development of a capability evident in the case of mirror neurons as an example of the blind. From birth, blind people can mimic the early absence of visual input mirror game does not practice, though, recognize them as their other reactions that work their mirror systems in principle. Due to the lack of practice in the areas affected by the fate of human development remains a specular facial expressions. Characteristics and skills can only develop if the genes provided by the biological systems are addressed through interpersonal relationships and social interactions and activated in an appropriate manner.

Imitation Arts the infant are not limited to, from the first days of life features to mirror. A little later, to see how he makes his first institutions to emulate and vocal expressions of their own vocalizations. He also shows soon - if entirely undirected - motor resonance reactions when he is pretending to expressive body movements. As already mentioned, caregivers serve involuntarily the readiness of the infant to imitate, if they feed the infant with which they have eye contact, open most of even the mouth, because they sure put intuitively that it will also open his mouth.

The counterpart to the imitation of the infant exercises is that the mother and significant others in turn have an intuitive tendency to imitate the baby and give him zurückzuspiegeln the signals emitted by Himself. They do not reflect his conduct one to one, but in an expanded, with additional elements enriched form, a process known as marking. This gives the baby long before he has something of consciousness, signs that show him that he was recognized, and it in turn to stimulate further response actions. Starting from its initial still very limited opportunities imitation the result is a growing range of communication. That infants already at birth have amazing skills, has been known for several years and is found in readable publications, among others, Daniel Stern and Martin mandrel, as shown, but not until the discovery of mirror neurons can these skills be fully understood.

The basis of emotional intelligence: understood the intuitive feeling of being-

On the basis of what mirror neurons provide, the infant has a chance to connect emotionally with his environment in contact to exchange signals and to develop an initial primal feeling of self-understanding. Early reflections are not only possible, they correspond to the newborn an emotional and neurobiological basic need. This is evident not only in the happy-ecstatic reactions - and also in prominent signals in the brain electrocardiogram (EEG) - which can give rise to the infant through affectionate imitations. Successful and the resulting reflections on this basic sense of involvement also lead to an output of endogenous opioids. This not only explains why interpersonal affection - as was shown in studies - pain bearable, but also why we are calibrated to neurobiological bond.

Early reflections cause not only mental but also physical happiness. Conversely, calls a deliberately refused mirroring forth massive pain reactions. This experiment makes clear, known in the literature as "still face procedure." The caregiver takes her face in the right distance from the face of the child. If the adult now, contrary to his own emotional intuition, his face motionless on purpose maintains, and turns the child from impulsive. If the procedure is repeated several times, this has an emotional return to the result, the readiness of the infant decreases, look for further ways to mimic signal exchange.

From observations of this kind can and must be concluded that testing, newborns and infants emotionless to care for purely "rational" or "reasonable" criteria, have devastating consequences. They ruin the child's ability to come up with other people in emotional contact and to feel connected with them intuitively. The early game with reflective imitation provides the foundation of what Daniel Goleman has described as emotional intelligence.

Although the newborn in the first few weeks have not experienced as a separate person, reflecting the early exchange of characters created in him a first basic intuitive sense of social connectedness. Since there at this time between himself and distinguish other still can not have babies researchers that early communicative exchange as "Intersubjectivity without subjects" means, that is, as interpersonal relationship Done without - in relation to the child - already an acting subject could be spoken. Despite this, developing the basic feeling of being in an intuitive connection with other similar beings to live with them in a common emotional world. This emerging through mutual mirroring operations feeling of Vittorio Gallese as "S-Identity" (for: social identity) called, represents a human primal urge: Infant researchers found that infants with only two months actively seeking emotional adjustment or compatibility with the mother are ready. As is clear from tricky experiments, the child develops in the third month of life a sense that with can own expressions of life for their caregivers trigger behavioral changes. Around this time around, the infant also begins his own attention to the line of sight so that they address to the attention of adults. This first sign of a "joint attention", of a reflecting transient is a common target of attention, is another example of how much the infant is designed to coordinate with its caregivers intuitively. First approaches of emotional intelligence are now visible.

The importance of children's play in the development of mirror systems

Start with about six months infants the process and the goal of movement sequences save. This is shown, for example, that the child at this age the first time expect the appearance of a ball that was rolled up behind one side of a canopy, on the other side. This is an important precondition that it can save some time later action sequences, including their final state. To the ninth month around the child is able to represent objects or persons in charge in the knowledge that they exist even further if they are not visible. These so-called object constancy is evident not only in the relationship the child's caregiver, but also because it goes to, for example, a ball that was wrapped in a towel, unpack again, because - unlike previously white-now that the ball is not even visible, still present . At this important stage of development, namely an inner idea of persistence invisible objects to have, based on the ability to develop ideas about non-visible sections of an action sequence. With about twelve to fourteen months, the child is in a position to the objectives and purposes of the acts which it was observed to predict and understand that regard. Gradually expanded so that the possibilities the mirror system.

The child creates his picture of the world as a collection of action. Interactions, actions and feelings are not only the stuff of which the outer world is constructed, but also the basis for conceptions of self. The realization that there is a distinction between self and other are formed between the twelfth and eighteenth month of life. About this time comes around to the existing intuitive sense of social identity ("S-Identity": I belong to the world of others) is now the perception of their own identity as an individual added ("I-Identity": I'm different than the other). Not only to paint a picture of the world but also in order to define itself, it must be the child's brain, so can relate to stored programs experienced action and interaction sequences describe.

to memories that act, and feel it is not by itself. As with the early exchange of reflecting imitations shortly after birth, the child is later rely on having fixed reference persons with whom it can make consistent relationship experiences. But that is where the mutual contact now, just before the end of the second year, a little further added. The child needs now also a training ground, where it can test actions and feelings in different roles, ie, from different perspectives. This training ground for future real world the child is game. Its outstanding importance stems from the fact that the child here, and only here, a tremendous range of action and interaction sequences can learn to know and practice.

playing ability is linked to neurobiological conditions: At the age of about eighteen months, the child is so far as to observe the actions specifically and by conscious, self-directed Imitation may practice . The mirror systems have been developed and are ready to get models of everything to see. But this is not enough. The toddler can not open up the world of the game itself. It must first be a period of time from caregivers introduced into it. Caregivers who teach the child to play, are replaced from a neurobiological point of view, nothing, because the mirror systems - as shown by experiments - reflecting in action sequences only if they are living on models, of biological actors . Babies need so-present, living administrator. People or characters that only the screen can be seen to have the serious and significant disadvantage that they can make the child no individual interactions. Only when workers are present in person, individually respond to the actions of the child and bring the games are back on track, can young children after they have reached an appropriate age to go over from time to time to organize the game.

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mirror neurons - comprehensive newspaper article

6th April 2005 Münchener Merkur

The mirror in our

Why man does what he sees

What the man to man, makes essentially the only discovered a few years ago mirror neurons in the brain. You can love us empathize, sympathize. The Freiburg psychiatrist and internist Joachim Bauer considers the discovery of these nerve cells for a neurobiological sensation and them has a revealing book is dedicated.
let us spontaneously return a smile that gives us someone passing on the street in. Let us yawn when we see others yawn. These are the so-called mirror neurons - a network of nerve cells in various brain regions that are not only active if a man acts himself, but also when observing actions. To mirror neurons to enable excitation, it is even enough to listen even when spoken by an action. Even reading, tasting and smelling can generate an appropriate response in the brain. The nerve network controls our actions often even if we split second after someone hit her legs, do the same. We emulate - people crave after resonance.

were without mirror neurons are no intuition, no empathy, so no empathy, writes psychiatrist and internist Professor Joachim Bauer of the University of Freiburg in his book "Why I feel what you feel."

We would not even be able to evade the throng of a busy pedestrian zone, other passers-by, because we could not guess their intentions.

In relationships with people close to the mirror goes much deeper. From the more volatile Resonance with the comparison is a dynamic inner picture of this man, composed of its properties: its ideas, feelings, physical feelings, desires and emotions, says Bauer, who is also a psychotherapist and specialist in psychosomatic medicine. To have such a reference image of a person means to have something like another man to himself, "adds the 53-year-old. The other is a part of oneself. One feels instinctively that he or she thinks, intends, or feared. Bauer stresses, however: is not innate empathy. You must be lived and learned - just: mirrored. If this fails, because parents do not have time, desire or Love have left for their child, threaten momentous developmental disorders. can jump the absence of other caregivers in the emotional gap, according to Bauer, it is seriously lacking in the ability to form relationships, and the acquisition of skills.

A Man withered not seen, is being ignored. Constant or repeated withdrawal of love is strong stress on the soul and leaves consequences in the brain. The same applies to bullying. The feeling on the left are to be left, people can mentally wear down and may even destroy it. Since the system of mirror neurons essential for our social orientation is to force a failure by mirroring the feeling of floating in extreme danger. Systematic social exclusion of chronic stress, and this is a disease and self-destruction program, Joachim Bauer writes. The brain secretes excessive amounts of alarm neurotransmitters such as glutamate and cortisol, which can kill nerve cells. This allows children to be compassionate adults who have their mirror neurons are stimulated rates from the beginning. Children who have experienced even just a little empathy, respect and tenderness, can lack of mirroring experiences hardly feel and show compassion, says Bauer. In schoolyard brawls leads not infrequently to the fact that such children knock heartless. They do not realize when limits are reached, complained of the Freiburg doctors.

His solution sounds simple: get the mirror neurons have served up as many favorable impressions - good nerves lining, so to speak. The expert recommends a controlled diet for the brain. Everything we see, leaves us in his tracks, warns farmers - especially when the brain always consumed the same. Constant dripping wears away, unfortunately, here the stone. Nerve connections, the violence usually not more repugnant can appear , training or to become stronger. Therefore, people develop a vigilance for what impressions we use to let us know what is good for us personally and what is not, says the author. In children, parents must assume this filter function.

WALTER SCHMIDT

Lexicon currently Mirror neurons are specialized nerve cells of the brain. It is now known that they form a whole mirror neuron system. Vittorio Gallese and Giacomo Rizzolatti (University of Parma discovered) In 1996 the neurons during investigations on Makakkengehirn (primates). The researchers observed activity in a frontal brain area, which is responsible for coordinated movement (premotor cortex), although the animal showed no real reaction - the monkey but the researchers observed when gripping! In the human anatomy is Broca's area (language and Gestikzentrum) in the frontal lobe. The discovery of mirror neurons therefore sparked new discussions about language development and acquisition of human beings.

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Joachim Bauer: Why do I feel what you feel

Extracts from:

J. Bauer: Why do I feel what you feel . Hamburg 2005

neurons with the program for action:

Asterix and Obelix in the cerebral cortex

The execution of an action goes against the brain similar to Asterix and Obelix: The action plan indicates that neurons, the nerve cells of the intelligent Asterix premotor Cortex. The actual execution is carried by the movement of neurons, the nerve cells of the Obelix adjacent motor cortex, which give the muscles the marching orders. Studies on the sequence of actions show that the act neurons firing their bioelectric signals before the movement of neurons into action. The time difference between the plan of Asterix and Obelix of the executed action is between 100 and 200 milliseconds, so one or two tenths of a second.

However, not every idea that came to mind Asterix, Obelix, he was put into practice. So it is also in action neurons. It is true that Movement neurons when they receive treatment from the controlling nerve cells statements that do not solely targeted actions. On the other hand, it is not every time you act neurons become active, it is essential to the genuine action of the movement neurons. It can also stay at the mere idea or reflecting on an action. What neurons encode action, so it can remain a story idea . But so true: ideas for action, was reflected on the often have a better chance of being implemented than those that previously were not even there as an idea. What also can be proved experimentally. What this means for the question of free will, will discuss his [...]

The discovery of mirror neurons

Giacomo Rizzolatti, head of the Physiological Institute of the University of Parma [. ..] and his colleagues are investigating for a long time, like the brain, the planning and execution of targeted control actions. No wonder that the intelligent manipulation neurons are of type Asterix past twenty years, his research topic. It began in the eighties with his studies in monkeys .

[...] Rizzolatti had with this animal that identifies an action neuron that the plan for action "reaching for a nut that is located on an area" codes. Every time the monkey executed this action, began the campaign with a bioelectrical signal this nerve cell. But that's not all. For now, the researchers observed an amazing thing: that these cells also fired when the monkey watched like someone else to handle the nuts on the tray. It takes a moment to understand what that meant. It was a neurobiological sensation.

The sensation was that there was something of a neurobiological response are: the observation of another by a completed action activated in the observer, in this case, the monkey, its own neuro-biological program, precisely the program that could bring the observed action at his own execution. Nerve cells that can be realized in his own body a particular program, but are also active when they are observed or otherwise witnessed another individual to implement this program into action, called mirror neurons .

mirror neurons but can be activated not only by the response that a other an act is observed. Sounds that are typical for a certain action, have the same effect: the peanut experiment with the monkey is structured so that the nuts are contained in a paper that rustles when opened, characteristically, enough of this noise to the to enable appropriate action controlling mirror neurons of the monkey. In humans, it is sufficient to hear spoken by a measure in order to allow the mirror neurons in response. [...] you spark even if they say the test subject, they may think of the act in question. Most, however, they fire when a Person is asked to imitate an observed action simultaneously.

mirror neurons: Simulators for,

what others do

perceived Other actions call inevitably, the mirror neurons of the observer on the scene. Activate in his own brain-motor schema, precisely the same thing would be that responsible, if he had performed the observed action itself. The process of reflection happening simultaneously, involuntarily and without any thought. Of the perceived Action is made, an internal neural copy, so when the observer was taking the action itself if he takes it really him remain free. What he is not, however, can defend, is that its offset in the resonant mirror neurons raise them in action program stored in its internal representation. What he observed is re-enacted on their own neurobiological keyboard in real time. An observation that is dissolved in a man a kind of internal simulation. [...] It is similar to the flight simulator: Everything is like flying, even the dizziness sets in the fall flight, only to fly just not real.

[...] Just as the flight simulator sitting 'observer' makes the ordinary observer who witnessed the act of another person, the following experience: by what he observed, unconsciously as an internal simulation program experienced he understands, and that spontaneously and without thinking what the other does. Because of this understanding, the internal perspective includes the agent with, it comes with a whole different dimension than what could make an intellectual or mathematical analysis of the observed sequence of actions. What can run the mirror neurons in the observer, is the mirror image of what the other is doing. Of course, limits the perception of another person not only to internal simulation, as it relates these important aspects.

[...] mirror phenomena make situations - whether for better or for worse - predictable. They generate a feeling that we call intuition and guess which leaves us, what might come. What senses, intuition is not left to chance. It is as it were, a kind of toned down version of the implicit certainty, a kind of hunch or seventh sense. [...]

mirror neurons do so by they connect and resonate in response, actions observed in our own experience, not only spontaneous course. Mirror neurons can supplement parts of a scene observed the expected total sequence likely to. p.31 The programs of action have saved neurons are not fictitious but typical sequences that are currently based on the totality of the particular individual experiences. Since most of these sequences, the experience of all members of a social community meet to form the neurons of a common action for action and inter-subjective space of meaning [...]

Intuitive hunches can result in a person to achieve even without consciousness. It has, for example, only a bad feeling, but do not know why. This is partly because there may be subliminal, not consciously registered perceptions, which enable us to mirror neurons. The ability to develop a feel for what others do is, in humans, however, varies dramatically.

[...] perceptions of scenes drag on the neurobiological level system to activate programs for the brain, although at first look like a fitting continuation of the observed events, but then as Errors prove. Show [...]

mirror neurons in stress and anxiety

studies that anxiety, tension and stress reduce the signal rate of the mirror neurons massively. Once the pressure and anxiety to be produced, latches onto anything that depends on the system of mirror neurons of: the ability to empathize, to understand others and to perceive subtleties. Already here it should be noted that where fear and pressure prevail, another skill decreases, the lives of the working of the mirror systems: the ability to learn. Stress and anxiety are therefore in all areas where learning processes play a role in counter-productive. This applies not only to work or school. Even in difficult interpersonal situations in ways out of conflicts and crises can be found only if there is no atmosphere of fear. Only then will the parties be able to discover new aspects are incorporated into their experience, learn new things also. fall

that mirror neurons in anxiety and stress in a low-power, however, has yet another consequence: Intuition is not a good guide in such situations. The inhibition of the mirror system by stress may be one explanation for the intuitive responses fail under heavy loads and extremely irrational panic and make the situation often worse than it already is. [...]

nerve cells for the presentation of sensations fire not only when we are planning an action or even run. They behave like mirror neurons and occur even in action when we see just how is someone else, or even has feelings. nerve cells of the inferior parietal cortex, which are responsible for the conception of sensations can therefore give us information about how one of us observed person feels. Be awakened in us precisely the nerve cells for the idea of feelings that would come into action if we had found ourselves in the situation in which we watch the situation.

The activity of mirror neurons for the idea generated by feelings in the observer an intuitive and immediate understanding of the feelings of the perceived person. Added to an analogy comes to mirror the behavior of neurons act that even if only part of an action sequence can be performed to produce an idea of the whole process of an action sequence. Such predictions are also possible for the development of feelings. Just a brief impression of a person may be sufficient to produce an intuitive idea of what the physical sensations of the observed person in the course are short-term. People we see around us create in us not only intuitive ideas about their action plans, but in us, the observers are also a program underway that examines the question: "How would this now and in the wider Done feel? "This is done automatically, there is an implicit expiring, pre-reflective process that does not require deliberate effort and no conscious thought. The result is an intuitive perception, how does a watch from us humans most likely straight. express 44-45 The Mystery of the sympathetic charisma

ability, empathy and compassion so that it is perceived by others as appropriate, seems one of the secrets of a sympathetic appearance to be. In allowing themselves reflections of other people, to be moved by their views and feelings, seems to be rewarded with sympathy. Studies show that we experience, especially for those people sympathy which in turn reflect adequately can. We evaluate, among other things, whether we do facial expressions and body language of people to be congruent, that is suitable for a given external situation. People who recount a sad movie scene with a cheerful countenance, obtained from outside observers negative approval ratings, while many people who can take part and whose body-language expression to the specific situations in which they are located, corresponds to gather sympathy points. Two limiting aspects are important: A generating sympathy match between a given situation and the situation shown in that body language can be not consciously plan or willingly make. The sympathy effect carries over to me if the person is spontaneous and authentic, that is, if its expression is in line with their actual inner mood. The second, perhaps even more interesting aspect is that the effect of collapsing the positive aura, if the person taking part fully in sympathy rises If any distance is lost, is also lost the ability to be helpful.

Administration to imagine what others think

("Theory of Mind")

to much of what we make permanent use, we have become so accustomed that we no longer think about it. The same is true with the ability to contact with another human being very quickly get an impression of what motivates him, what he wants and what he at the moment arrives. Quick to grasp what is going on in another person, as already mentioned, referred to in the industry as the ability to form a "theory of mind. The impression of the inner motives of other flows to us entirely spontaneous, it is intuitive since, has already set before we start to reflect it consciously: He is pre-reflexively. Whether it is a "right" impression is - this may sound surprising - not so important how we think. More important for the success of interpersonal contact, is that ever a intuitive impression of the opposite occurs, so that a spontaneous communication can begin. A difficulty arises only when we leave the ability to provide a theory of mind "to be made of the other person.

Since it was not there so few people who have a serious problem in this regard [...] (see Chapter 3 and 9) , deal neurobiologists, psychologists and physicians have long been the question of how to develop the property, a "theory of mind" really is. With the discovery of mirror neurons, we have arrived at the answer to that question. The system of mirror neurons provides us with the neurobiological basis for mutual emotional understanding are available. When we experience the feelings of other people in our own neuronal networks resonate, that is brought to vibrate, which put the feelings of others show up in our own spiritual experience. The ability, compassion and feel empathy, based on the fact that our own neural systems - in the various emotional centers of the brain - spontaneously and involuntarily recreate in us the feelings we experience with a fellow human. From a neurobiological point of view is every reason to believe that no machine and no biochemical method can detect the emotional state of another human being ever so and can control how it is possible by the people themselves .

third

As the child is reflected in the world

and the problem of autism to

have mirror cells that actually reflect one of the most important things in the luggage for the journey through life. Without mirror neurons, no contact, no spontaneity, no emotional understanding. The genetic basic equipment provides the infant has a starter set of mirror neurons available that give it the ability to take a few days after birth, with its most important people first mirror actions. It is crucial however, whether his chance is given to implement such actions, because a basic rule of our brain is: "Use it or lose it. "nerve cell systems, which are not used are lost. Mirror actions do not develop by themselves, they always need a partner.

"Use it or lose it": The mirror neurons of the baby must be recorded start

fact that we are born with an innate, genetically linked basic configuration of mirror neurons in the life shows itself in a phenomenon that would not be possible without them: When properly chosen distance babies begin within hours or days after birth, certain facial expressions, they look to imitate spontaneously. Opens to meet them face-looking mouth, they do the same. In a face with pursed mouth, the baby responds by itself curls his lips, and it sticks out his tongue when he is fooling it. With its amazing ability to imitate the infant has already from the first days of life the opportunity to engage a two-way game, which leads to develop secure interpersonal bonds. The neurobiological term willingness to spontaneous imitation document is the framework around which develops the relationship between infant and caregiver. begins between the newborn and the primary caregiver now something, the magic is to be compared only with the situation of fresh love. And actually happened from a neurobiological point of view in both cases something very similar: a mutual receiving and reflecting returning signals, a sensing and feeling of what the other straight, moving in the true sense of the word, accompanied by the experimenter, even sending out signals and , look how far they reflected back from the opposite, that is to be returned. This game is not only at the beginning of a love relationship, it is, in less intense form, the starting point of any interpersonal relationship.

^a These investigations are conducted by a working group led by the Americans and Andrew Meltzoff of the German research couple Hanus and Mechthild Papousek.

² As the mother sometimes can not even be available and instead play the father or other, the main role in the supply, I am using the term "primary caretaker." Your best "occupation" is undoubtedly the mother.

In order to start the whole wonderful game at all levels, needed by the infant caregivers, but not any can "comparison, not just any training wall, but real" players, which reflect themselves . [...] Most children have suitable players: respect people with a normally developed ability, with love, sensitivity and warmth to the infant to respond The best players are the parents [...]

, since they are doped because of the birth experience of nature with a substance that increases their ability to bind: oxytocin. Where parents are not available, loving caregivers can provide good substitute. However, it has a longer time or permanently available so that it can build up between them and the child is a bond.

The genetic basic equipment is anything but a guarantee that the biological systems of the later people actually work in such a way as is possible in principle. Congenital mirror systems of the infant can develop and evolve only if it is for him a suitable and appropriate therapeutic relationship. of the popular errors of our time is the widespread opinion, the essential key to the success of our development is to look only in the genes. In fact, relationship experiences and lifestyles that are associated always with an activation of specific neurobiological systems, a huge influence on both the regulation of gene activity as well as micro-structures of our brain. Nowhere is as clear as in the mirror systems, the importance of interpersonal relationships for the biology of our bodies have.

S.62entstehende sense of involvement also lead to an output of endogenous opioids. This not only explains why between human affection - as reflected in Studies showed - pain bearable, but also why we are calibrated to neurobiological bond. ⁴

Early reflections cause not only mental but also physical happiness. Conversely, calls a deliberately refused mirroring forth massive pain reactions. This experiment makes clear, known in the literature as "still face procedure." The caregiver takes her face in the right distance from the face of the child. If the adult now, contrary to his own emotional intuition, his face completely still retains intentionally, then the child turns impulsive from. If the procedure is repeated several times, this has an emotional return to the result, the readiness of the infant decreases, look for further ways to mimic signal exchange .

From observations of this kind can and must be concluded that testing, newborns and infants emotionless to care for purely "rational" or "reasonable" criteria, have devastating consequences. They ruin the child's ability to come up with other people in emotional contact and to feel connected with them intuitively. The early game with reflective imitation provides the foundation of what Daniel Goleman has described as emotional intelligence.

Although the newborn in the first few weeks have not experienced as a separate person, reflecting the early exchange of characters created in him a first basic intuitive sense of social connectedness. [...] Since at this time distinguish between himself and others still can not have these early researchers infant communicative exchange as "Intersubjectivity without subjects' means, that is a relationship between human action, without - in relation are already provided by an active subject spoken - the child could. Despite this, developing the basic feeling of being in an intuitive connection with other similar beings to live with them in a common emotional world. This emerging through mutual mirroring operations feeling of Vittorio Gallese as "S-Identity" (for: social identity) called, represents a human primal urge: Infant researchers found that infants with only two months actively with an emotional vote or agreement of the mother are ready. As is clear from tricky experiments, the child develops in the third month a feel for it with their own Manifestations of life with her caregivers can cause behavioral changes. Around this time around, the infant also begins his own attention to the viewing direction and thus to the attention of adults from dressing. This first sign of a "joint attention", a reflective settling on a common target of attention, is another example of how much the infant is designed to coordinate with its caregivers intuitively. First approaches of emotional intelligence are now visible.

The importance of children's play

for development The mirror systems

Start with about six months infants the process and the goal of movement sequences save. This is shown, for example, that the child at this age the first time expect the appearance of a ball that was rolled up behind one side of a canopy, on the other side. This is an important precondition that it can save some time later action sequences, including their final state. To the ninth month around the child is able to represent objects or persons in charge in the knowledge that they exist even further if they are not visible. [...] . These so- called object constancy is evident not only in the relationship of children to caregivers, but also because it goes to, for example, a ball that was wrapped in a towel, unpack again, because - unlike before, now knows that the Ball, though not visibly present, continue. At this important stage of development, namely an inner idea of persistence ni cht visible objects have to build on the ability to develop ideas about non-visible sections of an action sequence. With about twelve to fourteen months, the child in the situation, objectives and purposes of the acts which it was observed to predict and understand that regard. Gradually expanded so that the possibilities of the mirror system.

The child creates his picture of the world as a collection of action. Interactions, actions and feelings are not only the stuff of which the outer world is constructed, but also the basis for conceptions of self. The realization that there is a distinction between self and other are formed between the twelfth and eighteenth month of life. About this time comes around to the existing intuitive sense of social identity ("S-Identity": I belong to the world of others) is now the perception of their own identity as an individual added ("I-Identity": I'm different than the other).

not only to design an image of the world but also in order to define itself, it must be the child's brain, so can relate to resident programs, describe the experienced action and interaction sequences.

[...] to memories that act, and feel it is not by itself. As with the early exchange of reflecting imitations shortly after birth, the child is later rely on fixed reference person have, that it can make consistent relationship experiences. But that is where the mutual contact now added shortly before the end of the second year, a little further. The child needs now also a training ground, where it can test actions and feelings in different roles, ie, from different perspectives. This training ground for future real world is a child's game. Its outstanding importance stems from the fact that the child can learn about training here and only here, a tremendous range of action and interaction sequences.

[...] The ability to play is linked to neurobiological conditions: At the age of about eighteen months, the child is so far as to observe the actions specifically and by conscious, can practice self-controlled imitation. The mirror systems have been developed and are ready to get models of everything to see. But this is not enough. The toddler can not open up the world of the game itself. It must first be a period of time from caregivers introduced into it. Caregivers who teach the child to play are replaced by anything from a neurobiological point of view, because the mirror systems - as shown by studies - only reflecting in action sequences may, if they live examples come from biological actors. Babies need so-present, living administrator. People or characters that can only be seen on the screen, have the serious and significant disadvantage that they can make the child no individual interactions. Only when workers are present in person, individually respond to the actions of the child and bring the games are back on track, can young children after they have reached an appropriate age to go over from time to time to organize the game.

A performance review systems:

security through orientation and the identification of meaningful character

The observation and imitation of handling other people's each other and with the objects of the world lead to the establishment of new connections between nerve cells. Which leads to one and a half years beginning imitation phase, if it is supported by a sufficient range of games, to enhance that system of mirror neurons, which allows the full spectrum later intuitive understanding and action . actions are more than just motor events. They are always accompanied by a perception of how the Action for the actor feels. How does an act feels, is in both senses of the word "feel" important. It is important first, to assess which physical sensations to expect from good feelings of discomfort to pain may be possible, are. On the other hand, most actions are also in an emotional and affective context. These aspects need an introduction by caregivers for the child they bring in after a certain time itself into the game and then have a workout can.

are acts more than just motor events. They are always accompanied by a perception of how the action feels for the actor. How does an act feels, is in both senses of the word "feel" important. It is important first, to assess which physical sensations to expect from good feelings of discomfort to pain may be possible, are. On the other hand, most actions are also in an emotional and affective context. These aspects need an introduction by caregivers for the child they bring in after a certain time itself into the game and then have a workout can.